Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a serious health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve quality of life and outcomes for those living with HIV. Understanding the signs and symptoms of HIV is crucial for seeking timely medical attention.
If you’re concerned you have HIV, AFC Urgent Care Cedar Hills offers confidential, compassionate HIV Testing. Walk in or schedule your appointment today at our Cedar Hills clinic across the street from Market of Choice.
Acute HIV Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
The earliest stage of HIV, known as acute HIV infection, occurs within 2 to 4 weeks after the virus enters the body. During this period, many people experience flu-like symptoms, which can include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Night sweats
These symptoms are often mistaken for the flu or other viral infections, making it easy to overlook the possibility of HIV. The severity and duration of these symptoms can vary from person to person.
Rash
Another common symptom during acute HIV infection is a rash. This rash usually appears as small, red bumps on the skin and can occur on the torso, face, hands, or feet. It can be itchy and sometimes painful.
Chronic HIV Infection
After the acute stage, HIV enters a chronic phase, often referred to as clinical latency or asymptomatic HIV infection. During this period, the virus continues to multiply at lower levels, and symptoms may be mild or absent.
Persistent Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, and groin, may persist beyond the acute phase. These lymph nodes may feel tender or firm to the touch.
Recurrent Infections
HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Common infections that can recur include:
- Oral or genital herpes
- Oral thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth)
- Bacterial infections such as pneumonia
- Skin infections
Weight Loss
Unexplained weight loss, also known as "wasting syndrome," can occur during the chronic phase of HIV infection. This can be a result of the body's increased metabolic demands or decreased nutrient absorption.
Advanced HIV Infection (AIDS)
If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most severe stage of the disease. Symptoms of AIDS are more pronounced and can include:
Severe Weight Loss
Extreme and unexplained weight loss continues to be a significant symptom in advanced HIV infection.
Persistent Fever and Night Sweats
Individuals with AIDS may experience prolonged periods of fever and night sweats, even without any apparent infection.
Chronic Diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea, lasting for more than a month, can be a sign of advanced HIV infection. This symptom can lead to severe dehydration and malnutrition.
Opportunistic Infections
AIDS leaves the immune system extremely compromised, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections. These infections are caused by organisms that usually do not cause disease in healthy individuals, such as:
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Neurological Symptoms
HIV can affect the nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms such as:
- Memory loss
- Confusion
- Difficulty concentrating
- Personality changes
- Severe headaches
Importance of Early Testing and Treatment
Early detection of HIV through testing is crucial for managing the disease effectively. If you suspect you have been exposed to HIV or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it's essential to get tested as soon as possible. Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, allowing individuals with HIV to live long, healthy lives and reducing the risk of transmitting the virus to others.
