No, it’s not. Mesenteric adenitis occurs when the lymph nodes in the abdomen become swollen as they try to fight off a viral or bacterial intestinal infection, but only in the rarest of cases would this condition lead to life-threatening symptoms. Read on to learn more about it from our AFC Urgent Care Indian Trail team. What Causes Mesenteric Adenitis? The most common cause is a viral or bacterial infection in the intestines. Mesenteric ...