What is a URI?
Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are common illnesses that mainly affect the nose and throat, (the “Upper” part of your respiratory tract) lasting about three weeks without medical treatment, but symptoms like cough can persist much longer after the infection.
These infections impact many people yearly, caused mainly by viruses but sometimes bacteria. While most people naturally get better within a few weeks, some cases can lead to complications that require medical help.
URIs are contagious illnesses that affect the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi.
The most well-known URI is rhinitis, also called the common cold. Influenza is different because it's a systemic infection that affects the whole body (system), not just the upper respiratory tract. Viruses are the leading cause of URIs, with bacteria contributing in only about 15% of cases. Common viruses responsible for URIs include rhinovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Types of acute upper respiratory tract infections include:
- Rhinitis (common cold): Inflammation of the nasal cavity lining triggered by allergens or viruses.
- Pharyngitis (sore throat): Inflammation at the back of the throat, usually caused by viruses.
- Tonsillitis: Red, swollen, and sore tonsils due to viral or bacterial infections.
- Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box caused by viruses or bacteria, with viruses being the more common cause.
Factors that increase the risk of acute upper respiratory infection include:
- Exposure to sneezing or coughing.
- Crowded conditions.
- Certain medical conditions (like asthma or weakened immune system).
- Smoking.
- The use of corticosteroids.
URI Symptoms
Acute upper respiratory infection symptoms include cough, runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion, headache, fever, facial pressure, sneezing, and fatigue. These symptoms typically last between 7 and 10 days, with some persisting up to 3 weeks.
URI Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often based on a medical provider's examination, including a medical history and physical symptoms. Sometimes, a medical provider may use a nasal throat swab to test for Influenza, RSV, etc.
What is the treatment for a URI?
Treatment for viruses focuses on symptom relief, with options such as cough suppressants, expectorants, vitamin C, and zinc. Depending on your symptoms and severity, our healthcare provider may recommend nasal decongestants, steam inhalation, gargling with salt water, analgesics like acetaminophen, or might prescribe prescription strength treatments. It is a misconception that antibiotics help with colds or URIs, and many times cause more harm than good.
Prevention involves:
- Frequent handwashing.
- Avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
- Cleaning frequently touched objects.
- Covering mouth and nose when sick.
- Staying home if unwell.
URI FAQs
What is the difference between a cold, flu and COVID-19?
Colds, flu, and COVID-19 are respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses. While they often share some symptoms like cough and fever, COVID-19 tends to cause more severe respiratory symptoms. It has a higher risk of severe complications than the common cold or flu. Additionally, COVID-19 has a longer incubation period and can spread more easily than the seasonal flu or common cold.
What are the complications of a URI?
Complications from an upper respiratory infection are rare. Still, pneumonia can occur, characterized by symptoms like coughing up yellow or green-colored mucus, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever, requiring prompt medical attention. Overall, most people recover from acute upper respiratory infections without complications.
How to get rid of a URI?
To recover from an upper respiratory infection, it's beneficial to prioritize sufficient rest, stay adequately hydrated by drinking enough water, and refrain from engaging in strenuous exercise or demanding work, as is commonly advised for most viral infections.
Head to an AFC Houston Location
When it comes to addressing patient healthcare needs for your URI symptoms, AFC is a trusted and convenient option. AFC provides affordable treatment for a wide range of illnesses, including an upper respiratory infection. Walk in or reserve a time at a convenient Houston area location today!
Medically reviewed by Nita Singhal, MD, Chief Medical Officer AFC Urgent Care---Updated on 2/6/2024
The content provided in this blog is solely for informational purposes and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice or consultation with a healthcare provider. It is not intended to be comprehensive or exhaustive and may not apply to individual medical conditions. For personalized information tailored to your specific situation, please consult your doctor or reach out to us directly for assistance.